HYDROXYL FUNCTIONAL GROUP causes molecules to become alcohols
CARBOXYL FUNCTIONAL GROUP causes molecules to have acidic properties
CARBONYL FUNCTIONAL GROUP
AMINO FUNCTIONAL GROUP causes molecules to have alkaline (basic) properties
PHOSPHATE FUNCTIONAL GROUP is found in DNA and ATP, two molecules essential to life
MOLECULAR OXYGEN composes roughly 21% of air by volume and is necessary for cellular respiration to occur
MOLECULAR NITROGEN composes 78% of air by volume but is unusable by most organisms and must be converted into usable nitrogen by nitrogen-fixing bacteria
WATER is the standard polar molecule
AMMONIA is produced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria
CARBON DIOXIDE is converted into glucose by autotrophs, and is a waste product from cellular respiration
METHANE is the simplest hydrocarbon
PROPANE is often used as heating fuel
FORMALDEHYDE
ACETONE
GLYCEROL contains three hydroxyl groups and is found in fats
ETHANOL is an alcohol due to the hydroxyl group and is a waste product of fermentation, which is the process used to make alcoholic beverages
GLYCINE - one of 20 amino acids, which are the monomers (building blocks) of proteins